Introduction: To prevent the consequences of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy it is of great importance effective treatment suitably selected iron
preparation. The important role played the tolerance of the treatment with oral iron, as a precondition for effective removal patients with sideropenic
anemia.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability profile of therapy micronized ferric pyrophosphate conducted in patients in the
second trimester of pregnancy with iron deficiency anemia .

Material and methods: In 31 pregnant patients in whom microcytic anaemia was diagnosed in the 2nd trimester, the analysis of efficacy and
tolerability of oral micronized ferric pyrophosphate (90 mg/day) was performed during the 3 months observation period. Hematologic parameters
such as hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin (FER) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were checked 4 times (at baseline and monthly during the treatment).
After 3 months of treatment the tolerability profile and adverse effects were evaluated.

Results: After 30 days of treatment all 3 analyzed hematologic parameters raised (in cases of Hb and FER the difference was statistically significant).
After 2 months of therapy a significant improvement in all hematologic parameters was noted and remained so until the end of observation period.
Almost 80% of patients self-evaluated the tolerability of the treatment with oral micronized ferric pyrophosphate as good or very good.

Conclusions: The results indicate a satisfactory efficacy and a favorable tolerability profile of micronized ferric pyrophosphate in women in the second
trimester of pregnancy, treated for microcytic anemia.

According to Wolfgang Götz, the director of the EMCDDA, so called designer drugs pose nowadays a significant problem from the point of view
of public health, especially in the context of addiction prevention and drug abuse. The population of students is a group highly exposed to the
occurrence of adverse health effects. The time of academic studies may significantly affect everyday choices of young people in the context of health
behavior.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the trend of using designer drugs among students and to evaluate of the relationship between the use of
designer drugs and health behavior of students in 2009 and 2012.
The study included a total of 1,450 full-time students at the University of Rzeszów and the Rzeszów University of Technology studying in the field of:
medical sciences, humanities and exact sciences. The study was conducted by means of a questionnaire developed for the study based on current
literature and Juczyński’s Inventory of Healthy Behavior (IoHB) in the period from October to December 2009. Subsequently, the study was repeated
in 2012 among the same group of students. Data were compiled using the statistical package STATISTICA 10.0.
Stabilization in the use of designer drugs among the students of Rzeszów University may be the result of legislative changes related with the ban
on the sale of legal highs, individual characteristics of the region and the implementation of prevention programs targeting children and youth on
the national and regional level. The level of health behavior in 2012 showed a significant positive increase compared to 2009. The higher the level of
health behavior, the lower the tendency to use designer drugs.

Urinary tract infections are one of the common reasons for patients’ appointment with a family physician, regardless of the patients’ age. The
article presents the epidemiology, etiology, clinical division, symptoms and basic principles of treatment of urinary tract infections. It also contains
information that should be communicated to patients in the process of diagnosis and treatment, both by medical and nursing staff.

Influenza continues to be a major health problem in the world. The clinical course could be mild, but influenza may be the cause of hospitalizations and
deaths due to complications of multiple organ. Remarkable ability to transform antigenic virus causes every year a major challenge for public health.
This paper presents the epidemiology, etiology, risk groups, symptoms, contemporary methods of treatment and the importance of vaccination
against influenza as the primary method of prevention.

Colorectal cancer (ICD-10: C18-C21) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths and third most common cancer incidence site in Poland. Since 1980
an increase of incidence is observed (4 times in male and 3 times in female population). Taking into account changes in the population structure, increase of
the number of people over age 65 and current trends in incidence it is projected that in 2025 the number of colorectal cancer cases will be a total of 24 600
of which 15 500 in men and 9 100 in women. 5-year survival rates among patients with colorectal cancer are less than 50%.
This situation requires action, not only intensifying primary prevention but also secondary, enabling early diagnosis of the neoplastic process.
Obesity, diet rich in red meat and highly processed products, contributes to an increased risk of adenomas and cancer. The metabolic syndrome which is
a result of excessive dietary calories supply and abnormal lifestyle with limited physical activity remains in correlation with these factors. Protective dietrelated
factors documented in recent years are intake of vegetables, fruits and whole grains. Also physical activity is in accordance with those obtained
test results a protective factor decreasing the risk of developing adenoma and colorectal cancer. Early detection of cancer is largely dependent on the
doctors cancer awareness – performing an interview (including a very important family history), physical examination (including per rectum examination),
and adherence to secondary prevention. The examination of choice, the most effective in the detection of colorectal tumors, both polyps and cancers
is colonoscopy.

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia. It`s caused by excessive loss of iron, poor absorption, inadequate supply or an increased
demand for this element. Anemia is particularly common in developing countries. Its occurrence is notable in certain population groups: children
(especially infants), teenagers, women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, the elderly and patients with eating disorders. Iron deficiency anemia is
diagnosed on the basis of laboratory tests – blood count, assessment of iron metabolism parameters (especially ferritin) and sometimes bone marrow
biopsy. In order to determine the cause of syderopenia it is necessary to perform additional tests, mainly endoscopy and imaging. Oral and intravenous
formulations are used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

Osteoporosis (OP) prevention should be carried out from the first years of life as primary prophylaxis whose main aim is to achieve the highest possible
peak bone mass. An important consideration in this regard is the optimal intake of calcium and other minerals, in the diet or as supplements, as well as
vitamin D (diet, sunshine or supplements). It is particularly important to maintain adequate body mass, including muscle mass, and engage in regular
physical activity. Correct nutrition which fulfils energy and protein requirements, and avoiding substances which are addictive or have an adverse
effect on bone metabolism are also important.
The same preventive measures also apply to elderly patients. These are often known as secondary prophylaxes as they are conducted during
physiological reductions in bone mass, increases in age and sometimes with the onset of OP symptoms. The aim of these prophylactic measures is
to delay the possible onset of OP or prevent further fractures. Therefore, as well as the prophylactic elements performed during developmental age,
physical rehabilitation programmes and systems of preventing fractures have been developed for adults at low and high risk of fracture.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays a major role in many very important tissues such as brain, retina, neurons, blood vessel wall cells, and others as well
as being a precursor of inflammatory and immune mediators. Recent data indicates that the level of activity of the enzymes needed for the conversion
of DHA precursors into DHA is genetically determined. Several studies have been published supporting the role of DHA in several aspects of infant
neuromaturation as well as immunoprotection. The approved European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) claims are limited to DHA and do not include any
other fatty acid. In this paper we will review the most recent data on DHA administration to pregnant women, infants and children. In summary, evidence
from animal studies suggests that normal brain development requires optimal levels of DHA which has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties.

This article presents the current state of knowledge about the effectiveness of preventive health care, both in terms of health outcomes and economic.
The author presented a brief description of the existing definitions and methods of prevention taking into account assessment of its effectiveness
on a populations health scale. It also points to the existing methods for assessing economic results in prevention activities and the possibility of
their mutual comparison. The article presents also examples of a variety of preventive measures that are effective both on economy and health.
The implementation of which should be a priority in taking action on the health of the population. The purpose of this article is to broaden the scope
of knowledge of clinicians about the role of prevention, prevention methods used and their possible scientific evaluation.