Food allergy in children during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic – experts position on the provision of medical services

Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, str. 157-159, DOI:10.17444/SMP2021.18.06

The article presents the most important aspects of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition
and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics recommendations on
probiotics use in preterm infants.

Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 161-163

Information regarding symptomatology of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and their possible pediatric complications are described. It is shown that
COVID-19 diagnostics and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children are marginalized in Poland (there are no data in official communications). This
health problem should be monitored with special attention paid to methods of testing, rate of hospitalization and mortality in 0-18 years old population.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, str. 165-169

The important role of pediatricians in the early diagnosis of posture defects allows them to recall the basic tests detecting contractures and body asymmetries.
The Adams, Ely, and Thomas tests must enter into the routine assessment of body posture, which should be done in a relaxed position and not on alert.
One should bear in mind the age-related variability so as not to overstate the importance of physiological curvatures. Exercises should be aimed at a given
distortion, in many cases some exercises should be prohibited, e.g. rollovers. After finding a posture defect, an orthopedic consultation is necessary. It is
also a medical duty to pay attention to lifestyle and its influence on the development of faulty attitudes and overload (smartphones, computers). Traditional
encouragement to move should be more seriously pushed in the face of the current viral pandemic and online learning. A healthy lifestyle in the period of
growing up is a task for the family, health service, school as well as entities of health departments at various levels.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 170-176

This article provides us with information about short - and long-term central venous catheters and their role in pediatric therapy as well as general maintenance
strategies. It particularly tackles the problem of possible complications associated with central venous access and preventative possibilities.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 177-183

Pregnancy complicated by hypertension (including gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension and preeclampsia) affects about 10% pregnancies
in the world. It contributes to the occurrence of significant complications and increased morbidity and mortality of both women and fetuses/newborns.
Hypertension may have an adverse impact on the developing fetus and its development in suboptimal intra-uterine environment may increase the risk of
short and long-term complications.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 185-190

Rotavirus is a major cause of acute diarrhoea in young children. Usually infection symptoms are mild, but some patients require hospitalization because of
dehydration. The costs of hospital treatment of rotavirus diarrhea are a significant burden for health care systems. Vaccination can prevent rotavirus infections.
There are two rotavirus vaccines available in Poland. Both vaccines are characterized by high tolerance and effectiveness.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 191-196, DOI:10.17444/SMP2021.18.07

Allergy to cow’s milk proteins is the most frequent food allergy among children. Clinical signs usually are present during a first year of life. There is no evidence
of elimination diet efficacy in pregnant and breastfeeding women for food allergy prevention. The attempted elimination followed by the allergen challenge test is the only acknowledged way to diagnose the non-IgE mediated cow’s milk allergy (CMA).
This paper discusses the recommendations for Primary Health Care Units, for primary prevention of CMA, as well as applicability and safety of attempted
elimination and oral food challenge, principles of dietary treatment in patients with non-IgE mediated CMA, according to international guidelines.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 199-206

Thromboembolic complications are an increasing problem in paediatric population. This article reviews the principles of prophylactic and therapeutic
management in the treatment of venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, cancer diseases, congenital and acquired heart disease, arterial ischemic
stroke and COVID-19 disease in children.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 207-214
 

The neonatal ground ambulance still remains the most frequently chosen method of transporting a sick newborn to a treatment center with a higher degree
of reference. The most common indications for this transport are: respiratory disorders, suspected congenital heart disease, and moderate or severe
hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The aim of the article is to discuss the procedures of preparing a sick newborn baby for interhospital transport and to
present the principles of this transport.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 215-222

Removal of foreign bodies from the nose or ear is common procedure that may create difficulties. Good preparation of patient and equipment is essential
for safe and successful procedure. The use of appropriate techniques for removal of foreign bodies reduces the risk of complications and limits the number
of cases that require input under general anesthesia.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 223-227

Recurrent acute liver failure (RALF) is defined as recurrent episodes of ALF with well-preserved hepatic function between episodes. So far, biallelic mutations
in NBAS, RINT1, SCYL1, LARS1 and AARS have been identified as a cause of RALF.
Authors present an up-to-day overview on pathogenesis, clinical, biochemical and molecular phenotype of RALF associated with NBAS and RINT1
deficiency.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 228-231

Recent years a significant increase in the incidence of Crohn’s disease has been observed. Despite the big progress in medicine, the available treatment options
do not meet the needs of all patients. Recent publications indicate that the environmental factors are of key importance in the pathomechanism of
the disease. One of the most potent factors is diet. It has been proven that the western diet is associated with an increased risk of developing the disease.
Recent studies indicate the high effectiveness of the specialized elimination diet – Crohn’s Disease Exclusion Diet – in the treatment of children and adults
with active Crohn’s disease. This article discusses the mechanism of action, principles of use and scientific evidence for the effectiveness of this therapeutic
approach.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 233-241

In Poland there are about 1000 patients diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy. It is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by the degeneration
of the spinal cord motoneurons leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. In January 2019, nusinersen became the first medication reimbursed in
Poland in this indication. Within the frame of national therapeutic program, treatment was provided to patients diagnosed with SMA, regardless of their
age, functional status, or disease type. Currently, more than 650 people are included in the nusinersen program in Poland and no patient has been excluded
due to the lack of efficacy of treatment or the occurrence of adverse events. In the vast majority of patients nusinersen therapy resulted not only in the
stabilization of the disease, but improvement of motor functions was observed. Patients who received treatment in the presymptomatic phase of the disease
acquired motor milestones similar as observed in the healthy pediatric population. In this paper we present a summary of discussions, patient case
reports and the results of a survey in which seven experts of pediatric neurology summarized their own experience concerning nusinersen therapy in the
national treatment program. Experts agreed with the presented assumptions about the efficacy and safety of the treatment and about the need to implement
multidisciplinary care for patients diagnosed with SMA.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 245-251

The premature birth of a child or the birth of a child with a disability pose special challenges for the family. Initially, the family is cared for by the medical
staff of the hospital ward, which basically only concerns the sick child. The discharge from the hospital and the longed-for presence of the child at home
evoke a mixture of happiness and anxiety. The latter feeling is related to the difficulties encountered by the family. Taking into account the specific developmental needs of the child and his family, it seems extremely important to provide this system with comprehensive support. This support should be uniform and individualized. Unfortunately, in the Polish reality, such assistance is subject to the decision of three separate ministries, and the thicket of regulations means that parents often do not know what support they can expect, what benefits they are entitled to, what documents are necessary for institutions to be able to provide assistance to their families. During the discussion conducted at the Ministry of the Family on the changes in the jurisprudence and observing the current shortages in access to services, it is worth looking at interesting system solutions from other countries. We can find there ideas to be
implemented on Polish soil.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 253-264

Acute sinusitis is a common problem in everyday pediatric practice. The most common complications of acute sinusitis in children are orbital complications,
which results from the specific craniofacial anatomy and roads of spread of infection from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses to the structures of the eye
socket. In the paper we present a case of a 7-year-old boy with unilateral sinusitis complicated by eyelid inflammatory edema of the left eye. Orbital complications
being an acute condition often require urgent hospitalization, and often also surgical intervention. The development of inflammation and failure
to treat it promptly may result in permanent damage to the eyesight, and even death of the patient.
Standardy Medyczne/Pediatria 2021, T. 18, 266-269