Aim:
Presenting real interaction existing between Polish doctors and pharmaceutical industry sales representatives is a purpose of the article. The interactions between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians is nowadays unavoidable. Both sides need each other tocarry out their social functions. However the development of various strategies of pharmaceutical marketing caused, that doctors are exposed to more and more aggressive actions from the side of medicines’ producers.

Methodology and methods:
The research is presenting results of an Internet survey conducted with the help of the portal Medycyna Praktyczna which was conducted amongst physicians. This method provided respondents feeling the anonymity, therefore it is possible that their replies were frank.

Results:
Majority of Polish physicians (almost a 90%) in their everyday practice was in contact with pharmaceutical sales representatives. Amongst reasons of contacting with them most often doctors had chosen: valuable information about medicines delivered by representatives (60.1%), understanding for the work performed by them (55.5%) and possibility of funding partially the training or the conference (47.0%). Majority of doctors (71.3%) “rather trust” of the accuracies of the information handed over by medical sales representatives. 97% of examined physicians had admitted that doctors received small gifts from medical representatives, so as: pen, notebook, flowers, tea, coffee, chocolates. 16.2% is mentioning the fact that physicians are getting from them also the money.

Conclusions:
Results of the research are pointing out the fact that Polish physicians have a frequent contact with representatives. Doctors have also a too much confidence in information about drugs passed to them by pharmaceutical sales representatives. They tend toforget that information presented by them are nothing more than a marketing transmission, so as the advertisement on television. The research is also showing that physicians are often entangled in not very beneficial relations with producers of medicines because they are taking various gifts from them.

Purpose:
The purpose of the study is to present the surgical treatment of the congenital cataract and intraocularlens implantation in patient with the Patau syndrome (trisomy 13).

Methods:
Examination was performed on 4-year-old girl. Two years ago the patient under went cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation in right eye. In this child we noted characteristic malformations in ocular system. The diagnosis of trisomy 13 in this case was confirmed by karyotype.

Results:
We noted malformation in ocular system: inferonasal iris colobomas, anterior-posterior formof persistent hyperplastic primary vitreus (PHPV), persistent tunica vasculosa lentis (PTVL), coloboma of the lens and congenital cataract in right eye. Cataract surgery was performed with good results. Two years postsurgical treatment there were no decentration or dislocation of intraocular lens.

Conclusions:
The child with the presence of inferonosal iris colobomas and cataract and other systemic and dysmorfic findings, should have karyotype examination to look for trisomy 13. The child with trisomy 13 and visual problems which are amenable to surgical treatment should have surgical intervention to improve quality of life.

Wheat is the most commonly consumed grain in Europeand America. Wheat intolerance affects 1% to 4% of children and adults. Wheat proteins can cause the celiac disease, gluten sensitivity and several allergic diseases, such as food allergy (both IgE-dependent and IgE-independent), food-dependent exercise–induced anaphylaxis, baker’s asthma, contact urticaria and contact dermatitis. Wheat elimination diet is also used in the treatment of transition gluten intolerance. The study presents the classification and characteristics of the above mentioned diseases. It shows that celiac disease and allergic diseases are diagnosed in people with a certain genetic predisposition, i.e. suffering from an atopic syndrome or having a specific combination of the HLA system genes encoding DQ2 or DQ8. The wheat proteins that are responsible for their presence belong to the category of gliadin.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is often regarded as autoimmune disorder and occurs frequently in relation to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), notably ulcerative colitis (UC) in adults. PSC with IBD has been rarely reported in children. The ongoing fibro-obliterative process of the biliary tree ensues in liver failure or cholangiocarcinoma in 12-18 years. PSC patients with concurrent IBD are at increased risk of developing colorectal carcinoma. Ursodeoxycholic acid, which is widely prescribed in IBD, is despite intensive clinical research still not proven to halt disease progression. Norursodeoxycholic acid seems promising in animal models of cholestasis.

„Immune-stimulating preparations” enjoy an understandable interest, due to over-aroused expectations of parents, believing, that immune system can maturate without necessary confrontations with microorganisms. Encouraged by television and radio advertising the parents massively inquire their family doctors and pediatricians about for medications from this group, despitelack of scientific evidence of effectiveness. Moreover, the necessity of careful diagnosis directed at excluding immunodeficiency disorder is often neglected. In this review paper the authors critically analyze most of marketed „immunostimulants” and make an appeal to exclude an immunodeficiency in the every case of „frequently infected patient”.

Sometimes infants or newborn are known to have difficulty in natural feeding. Safe and successful bottle feed ingrequires using proper bottle nipple. There is a continuous debate regarding the best bottle nipple. Understanding mechanics of sucking exclusive breast feeding allows assess and compare mechanics of sucking by different bottle nipples. An attention of this article is focused on competence of choosing proper bottle nipple for specific newborn or infant. Author showed how can we use this knowledge to choosing nipple for improve bottle feeding and when we expect consequences inappropriate choice.

This review discusses the importance of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease. It presents newly available data and evidence relevant to GBS infections from the fields of epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathobiology, revised guidelines from Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and legal recommendations currently implemented to improve perinatal care in our country.

Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent skin disease, ofa complex pathogenesis, affecting 1,5-3% of the population. Early diagnosis of the disease, the inclusion of appropriate treatment, individually tailored to the pediatric patient isvital. An important part of therapy in pediatric psoriasis are emollients, whose main role is to rebuild the damaged skin barrier and restore its function. Their effect is a reduction of inflammation or itching and improvement of the skin’s appearance. This paper summarizes the actual knowledge about treatment and skin care in children with psoriasis with particular emphasis on the role of emollients.

Until recently FNH was thought to be an adult problem exclusively. Lately however reports on FNH in children appear more frequently. In this paper we present differences in morbidity in pediatric population, with special attention to more frequent occurrence in children after neoplastic disease, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or bone marrow transplantation.

This study describes the current knowledge on etiology, clinical features and management of conjunctivitis inchildren. Conjunctivitis may by caused by infectious ornot infectious agents. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the most common form of conjunctivitis among children. Ophthalmia neonatorum is a purulent conjunctivitis and keratitis of the newborn resulting from exposure of the eyes to bacterial, chlamydial agents. Allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common among noninfectious conjunctivitis.

Many infections, particularly viral, manifest with exanthema. It can be a main presentation of a disease. The character of skin lesions is sometimes so typical that diagnosis is made onthe base of history and clinical picture, without diagnostic tests. In many cases even experienced physician has doubts if exanthema is caused by infectious agents. We discuss exanthemas occurring in the course of infectious diseases with etiology and epidemiology of them.

Molecular pharmacology of inflammation and medicinal chemistry of anti-inflammatory drugs, the two lines of research that showed very little interactions in XXth century, are discussed from chemical perspective. Merger of the two, which resulted in recent years in rationally designed drugs: coxibs, did not meet the expectations. Contemporary view of the role of unsaturated fatty acids in generation of proinflammatory mediators strongly suggests that some diet constituents from lipid and plant secondary metabolite categories, can also influence health-disease equilibrium in positive way, without side effects characteristic for synthetic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).