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Ilość artykułów: 642

Interesy państwa, firm farmaceutycznych i pacjentów w kwestii refundacji leków.

Marta Makowska,

Interesy państwa, firm farmaceutycznych i pacjentów w kwestii refundacji leków. / Businesses of polish state, pharmaceutical companies and patients in the issue of the drug reimbursement.

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Announcing the list of reimbursement drugs is an important event for many people. It decides whether patients with given illness will have a cheapaccess to essential medicines for their treatment.Decision to categorize ones drugs to the reimbursement and other not is a consequence of many factors such as: demand for the given medicine, actions of the patients’ organizations, lobbying of pharmaceutical companies and business of the state. In the beginning of 2012 we were witnesses of the great confusion and forcing the Health Minister to made the amendments to the reimbursement act. Analyzing the businesses associated with the reimbursement of Polish state, producers of medicines and patients will be a purpose of the article. It will show that reconciling dealings of different parties is often problematic. The government must take care about the transparency of reimbursement’s procedures and while making decisions what drugs should be refund it must be guided by ethics. Wrong decisions can affect the Polish society adversely.

Odma opłucnowa samoistna u dzieci - opis przypadków.

Katarzyna Wójcicka, Elżbieta Kołodziej,

Odma opłucnowa samoistna u dzieci - opis przypadków. / Spontaneous pneumothorax in children - report of two cases.

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Pneumothorax in children occurs relatively rarely, but should be always taken under consideration in differential diagnosis of dyspnea or sudden chest pain. Severity of symptoms usually correlates with its volume and determines therapeutic management. The article below reports two cases of pneumothorax: in 11-year-old girl with Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis (LCH) and 17-year-old boy, formerly healthy.

Badanie pośmiertne u dziecka z podejrzeniem choroby mitochondrialnej.

Grupa Ekspertów,

Badanie pośmiertne u dziecka z podejrzeniem choroby mitochondrialnej. / Autopsy in a child with suspicion of mitochondrial disease.

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Standard autopsy has limited usefulness in the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases. Authors present autopsy recommendations for newborns, infantsand children who died of unknown cause. Mitochondrial pathology should be considered in each case of unexplained death in pediatric age, and properautopsy protocol results in optimal diagnostic conclusion. Extended autopsy protocol, including snap freezing of tissue samples enables further post mortem diagnostic studies in mitochondrial medicine reference center. Properly preserved autopsy tissue material may be used for histopathological, histochemical, proteomic and molecular invesigation, including mtDNA depletion.

Okrągła postać zapalenia płuc u dzieci.

Krzysztof Brzeszkiewicz, Krystyna Koczyńska - Nowacka,

Okrągła postać zapalenia płuc u dzieci. / Round pneumonia in children.

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Round pneumonia is rare form of pulmonary infection observed mainly in children. The term round pneumonia results from characteristic radiographic picture. Radiologically it reveals spherical-shaped shadow which suggests malignant tumor. Pneumococci are the most common causative agents. The outcomes of treatment of round pneumonias are usually good. Considering this entity in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary masses can prevent unnecessary diagnostic tests.

Postępowanie we wrzodziejącym zapaleniu jelita grubego u dzieci.

dr Jarosław Kierkuś,

Postępowanie we wrzodziejącym zapaleniu jelita grubego u dzieci. / Management of pediatric ulcerative colitis.

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Neofobia żywieniowa - jej uwarunkowania i konsekwencje zdrowotne.

Agnieszka Kozioł - Kozakowska, Beata Piórecka,

Neofobia żywieniowa - jej uwarunkowania i konsekwencje zdrowotne. / Food neophobia - its determinants and health consequences.

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Food neophobia is defined as an individual feature of a person regarding tasting of new products manifesting in refusal to consume new products,is classified as a type of feeding disorders “selective eating”. It depends on the biological and environmental factors such as prenatal nutrition, nutritionin infancy and early childhood, personality, habits, lifestyle. Level of food neofobia affects children nutrition, leading to lack of key nutrients.

Diagnostyka i opieka nad chorym z klasyczną galaktozemią.

Barbara Radomyska,

Diagnostyka i opieka nad chorym z klasyczną galaktozemią. / Diagnosis and management strategies in classic galactosemia.

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Classic galactosemia is an autosomal recessive error in galactose metabolism caused by lack or marked deficiency of galactose-1-phoshate uridyltransferase activity (GALT). The character of the disorder, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures (with newborn screening taken into consideration), treatment and follow-up procedures are presented in this paper. Unsolved, currently discussed problems in galactosemia and novel therapeutic strategies are also described. Recommended diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are based on the experience carried out by the Clinical Department of Pediatrics of Institute of Mother and Child as well as world-wide standards.

Składniki kobiecego mleka i ich biodostępność w świetle najnowszych doniesień.

Aleksandra Wesołowska,

Składniki kobiecego mleka i ich biodostępność w świetle najnowszych doniesień. / Bioactive components of human milk and its bioavailability in light of current reports.

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Breast milk is rich and variable in terms of the composition of food that best meets the nutritional needs of the human infant. In contrast to the artificial mixture, breast milk even from the same women, changes in time, and it varies depending on the diet, lactation stage and the environmental factors.In addition to nutritional function, it has a regulatory role, thanks to a number of bioactive components such as milk oligosaccharides which act asprebiotics. The content and the effective use of milk bioactive element may depend to a large extent on the genetic predisposition of mother and child. Knowledge of the composition of breast milk and biochemical characterization of regulatory factors can supplement the deficiency in the diet of nursing mothers that may influence on a number of important factors, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins.

Komentarz Komitetu ESPGHAN ds. żywienia dotyczący roli czynników zależnych od diety odpowiedzialnych za rozwój otyłości u dzieci.

dr Artur Mazur,

Komentarz Komitetu ESPGHAN ds. żywienia dotyczący roli czynników zależnych od diety odpowiedzialnych za rozwój otyłości u dzieci. / The ESPGHAN Nutrition Committee comment on the role of dietary factors and food habits in the development of childhood obesity.

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Rola mikrobioty jelit w utrzymaniu prawidłowej masy ciała.

Grupa Ekspertów,

Rola mikrobioty jelit w utrzymaniu prawidłowej masy ciała. / The role of intestinal microorganisms to maintain a healthy body weight.

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The article discusses the impact of high protein and fiber diet for the number and proportion of intestinal bacteria belonging to Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteriaand Firmicutes phylum and their role in maintaining a healthy body weight. The most important fact was that in persons with increased body weight the presence of bacteria belonging to Firmicutes phylum was higher and for persons with normal body weight the Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria strainswere predominant. However, an important contribution is a class of bacteria belonging to particular phylum’s, ex. enterotype. Within Bacteroidetes ahigh proportion of Prevotella (enterotype Prevotella) is considered beneficial when induced by high fiber diet, in turn, a diet containing a large amountof protein and fat is causing bacteria affiliation to enterotype Bacteroides. A consequence of the abnormal gut microbiota, resulting from improper diet, may be reduced production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which stimulate the growth of intestinal epithelial cells, nourish enterocytes, affecting the irnormal maturation and differentiation, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, lowering the pH affect as well are an additional source of energy to thehost. Prebiotics selectively activate human beneficial microorganisms and increase the production of certain SCFA. They can be successfully used in the prevention of diseases and controlling functions of the large intestine and thus properly administer gut microbiota.

Leczenie zakaźnych chorób wysypkowych u dzieci.

Ewa Duszczyk, Ewa Talarek,

Leczenie zakaźnych chorób wysypkowych u dzieci. / Treatment of infectious exanthematous diseases in children.

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We discuss causative and symptomatic treatment of common infectious diseases, which manifest with exanthema.

Leczenie cholestazy u niemowląt.

Leczenie cholestazy u niemowląt. / Management of cholestasis in infants.

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The updated published expert opinions on treatment of infantile cholestasis and clinical trials are presented and discussed, with a special emphasison biliary atresia and familial cholestatic liver diseases. Lack of high quality evidence to formulate recommendations is stressed, still, based available evidence, described. Pharmacotherapy, including therapy of pruritus and nutritional therapy, are presented.

Grypa – wciąż aktualny problem.

Jolanta Popielska,

Grypa – wciąż aktualny problem. / Influenza infection - still serious problem.

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Szczepienia przeciwko zakażeniu ludzkim wirusem cytomegalii.

Diana Kamińska - Gocał,

Szczepienia przeciwko zakażeniu ludzkim wirusem cytomegalii. / Human cytomegalovirus vaccines.

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Siatki centylowe do oceny ciśnienia tętniczego dzieci i młodzieży w wieku 3-18 lat.

Grupa Ekspertów,

Siatki centylowe do oceny ciśnienia tętniczego dzieci i młodzieży w wieku 3-18 lat. / Centile charts for blood pressure assessment in children and adolescents aged 3-18 years.

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Objectives: Development of blood pressure reference ranges for children and adolescents aged 3-18 years. Materials and methods: Oscillometric blood pressure data from 4 374 randomly selected children aged 2,5-6,5 years, participants of current healthsurvey ‘Blood pressure reference ranges for Polish preschool children - N R13 0002 06 OLA’ and 17 093 children and adolescents aged 6,5-18,5 years,participants of health survey ‘Elaboration of the reference range of arterial blood pressure for the population of children and adolescents in Poland- PL0080 OLAF’ were used. Data were analyzed with SAS 9.2 software. Blood pressure centile charts were constructed using the LMS method with LMSChart Maker Pro 2.42 package. Results: Current and representative for population of children and adolescents aged 3-18 years centile charts of blood pressure according to age andheight. Conclusions: Presented blood pressure centile charts by age, gender and height for children and adolescents aged 3-18 years enable early detection ofincreased blood pressure.

Wartości referencyjne wysokości, masy ciała i wskaźnika masy ciała dla oceny wzrastania i stanu odżywienia dzieci i młodzieży w wieku 3-18 lat.

Grupa Ekspertów,

Wartości referencyjne wysokości, masy ciała i wskaźnika masy ciała dla oceny wzrastania i stanu odżywienia dzieci i młodzieży w wieku 3-18 lat. / Height, weight and body mass index references for growth and nutritional status assessment in children and adolescents 3-18 year of age.

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Objectives: Update of the percentile charts of height, weight and BMI for children and adolescence in Poland, 3-18 year of age and compare them withlocal and international growth reference charts. Methods: Anthropometric data from 22 623 participants health examinations (OLAF PL0080 and OLA NR13 0002 06) between the ages of 3 and 18 years were used. Data were analyzed with SAS 9.2 software. Percentile charts were constructed using the LMS method with LMS Chart Maker Pro 2.42. Results: Current and representative for polish population of children and adolescents percentile charts. Conclusions: Presented percentile charts enable basic assessment of physical development and early diagnosis of growth and nutrition status disturbances.

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